Kreisau Circle, resistance group led by Count Helmut von Moltke and troops grouped around Carl Goerdeler (former mayor of Leipzig) and General Beck (former Chief of Staff) they considered the possibility of overthrowing the Nazis and starting negotiations with the Western powers, but the actions of the resistance movement within the army were the most effective. Attempts to assassinate Hitler have been made since 1942 year, but only at the turn 1942 i 1943 a year, enough officers had become convinced, that disaster is inevitable and a whole network of clandestine organizations was founded. The work of the one-armed colonel von Stauffenberg was to plant a bomb at Hitler's headquarters near Kętrzyn, while officers from Bendlerstrasse planned to use Fromm's Reserve Forces to intercept key sites in Berlin.
The coup was carried out 20 July 1944, six weeks after the Allied landing in Normandy. Leaving Rastenberg, Stauffenberg heard the explosion of the bomb he had planted and gave the signal to start the coup. However, unfortunately, the attempt on Hitler's life was unsuccessful, and the conspirators ineptly carried out the action of seizing power. To begin with, they failed to cut the lines of communication between Rastenberg and Berlin and were reluctant to seize buildings and arrest the Nazis.. When they came to Gobbels, he managed to reach Hitler by phone, who spoke directly to the bombers and ordered them to obey his minister of propaganda. Gobbels then contacted the SS and Gestapo units and reminded the army troops of their oath of loyalty to the Fuhrer. The final blow took place by Fr. 21.00, when Hitler spoke to the entire nation on the radio and threatened, that "settles the score yes, as the National Socialists used to do”, The leaders of the conspiracy were either shot without trial, or tortured in the basement of the Gestapo headquarters on Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse, by forcing testimonies about other participants of the coup. Many thousands of suspects were arrested, and hundreds were shot. Field Marshal Rommel was allowed to commit suicide, and then buried with honors, but other high-ranking conspirators were brought before the so-called. people's court in Berlin (7-8 of August). All were sentenced to death by Nazi judge Ronald Freisler and hanged on butcher's hooks in Plotzensee Prison; their agony was filmed, so that Hitler can enjoy it privately. Most of the people were murdered. which would be able to lead post-war Germany. Freisler himself was killed by an American bomb after a later show trial,
THE FATE OF THE BERLIN JEWS
For Berlin Jews (and others residing in Germany) the terror began long before the war, as the noose tightened on their right to life. WITH 160.564 Berlin Jews with a beginning 1933 a year many left within a year of Hitler's assumption of the office of chancellor, when a number of laws prohibited them from holding public office, services in administration, and journalistic professions, farmer, teacher's, radio presenter and actor. Even more Jews emigrated, when the Nuremberg Laws (September 1936) practically stripped them of German citizenship and defined the laws of "racial purity."” in the style of Apartheid. Those of the Jews, who have seen, what's up and have money, they ran away as long as it was possible (other European countries, The US and Palestine have introduced immigration restrictions for Jews): however, the majority remained in hope, that the situation will improve, or just because, that they couldn't afford to leave. After Kristallnacht, their already difficult situation became unbearable.
After the war began, the Nazis began a policy of methodical genocide, by catching European Jews in closed ghettos, and marked by yellow stars, and sent to death camps. Emigration and extermination reduced Berlin's Jewish population to more or less 6500 w 1945 year. Of the survivors, approx 1400 byli to „U-Booten”, who lived in constant hiding, usually with the help of gentile friends; the remaining 5100 somehow survived in the majesty of the law, usually by marriage with people of non-Jewish descent, or working as gravediggers at the Jewish Cemetery in Weissensee.